Notes on the European Union

1) Key theoretical approaches to the European Integration Background – Intellectual context - ­? to understand the theories of European integration, it is important to consider the intellectual context from which the idea of European integration emerged Federalism – Altiero Spinelli - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Spinelli: leader of the European Union of Federalists: Idea: after the Second World War, the classes most privileged under old national system will seek a new order of nation states, that might appear democratic, but the power will return to the privileged classes eventually a? renewing war between states Proposal: o prevent this development, create a federal European state to subordinate national governments to a federal authority a? strategy of the Federalists, aimed to create a federal constitution for Europe Development: Congress took time to organize, taken place in Hague in 1948. By that time, national political systems were already re- ­? establi shed a? Congress turned into the Council of Europe, not a new federal constitutional order Problem: diversity of Europe, different connotations in different part of Europe Mitrany: born in Romania, lived in UK and US, to build a â€Å"working peace system†, influencing integration heorists Against federalism b/c: o Single world government = threat to individual freedom o Regional federations = reproducing national rivalries on a larger scale Idea: root of the war = nationalism Proposal: create a separate international functional agencies, each with authority over specific area of human life o Scheme: individual tasks taken out of the control of the government, handing them to the functional agencies o Argument: Governments will surrender control because they will not fear the loss of sovereignty over e. g. health care, but rather appreciate the advantages of such tasks performed at the egional/world level o a? the more areas of control surrounded, the less states are capable of independent action a? the harder it is to break from the agencies Jean Monnet: planner of a Schuman Plan Combining ideas of functionalism and federalism, crucial for the neofunctionalist theory of European integration Functionalism – David Mitrany - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Functional- ­? Federalism – Jean Monnet - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Idea: European nation state is inadequate as an economic unit Proposal: developing of supranational institutions as the basis for building economic community (coal and steel at the beginning) o Scheme: remove ontrol of the strategically crucial industries (coal and steel) from the governments, handing over to a free- ­? standing agency (High Authority) o Challenge: Western German State o Solution: strategic industries removed from German control; ensuring adequate supplies of coal for the French steel industry a? economies are interconnected Theories Neofuncionalism – Ernst Haas - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Plur alist theory – state not a single unified actor, neither it is the only actor on the international stage (non- ­? state actors also important) Integration = process, once started, would undermine the sovereignty of states eyond the expectations of governments Activities of states = outcome of pluralistic political process, in which government decisions are influenced by the interest groups and bureaucratic actors European Commission = most important non- ­? state international actor, manipulating domestic and international pressures on national governments to advance to process of European integration Mechanisms of the integration o Spillover  §? Integration in one sector will cause integration in further sectors, in order to fully enjoy the benefits of the integration of the original sector 1. Functional spillover †¢ Economies made up of nterconnected parts a? impossible to isolate one sector from others †¢ If MS integrated one sector of the economies, the in terconnectedness between the sectors will lead to a spillover into other sectors †¢ Integration in one sector will work only if the interconnected sector is also integrated †¢ E. g. : increasing coal production across MS requires brining other forms of energy into the scheme. Otherwise, switch by one MS away from coal towards e. g. oil or nuclear fuel will throw out all the calculations for coal production 2. Political spillover †¢ Building up political pressure in favor of further integration †¢ Once ne sector is integrated, lobbying of interest groups occurs at supranational level (the organization in charge of running that sector) - ­? - ­? Groups will appreciate the benefits as a result of integration, realizing the barriers preventing these benefits from being fully enjoyed (not integrating other sectors) a? advocating further integration and lobbying the governments †¢ E. g. : ECSC makes the representatives it the coal and steel industry switching the lobby activities (partly) from national governments to the new supranational agency (High Authority) o Technocratic automaticity  §? Institutions created will sponsor urther integration as they become more powerful and autonomous than member states Assessment of the theory o 1950s: neofunctionalism = winning theory explaining the transition from the ECSC into EC o 1960s: the end of neofunctionalism – Empty Chair Crisis (1965 – 1966) Gaulle’s veto; national governments showing power they are ready to use to determine the nature and pace of integration Aspects to be considered – theory not always applicable o Pluralist social structures  §? Member states must be democratic o Substantial economic and industrial development  §? A certain level of development – no significant gap among hem o Common ideology among participating units  §? No centrally planned economies †¢ Mistakes of neofunctionalism: o Regional integration is not a self-  ­? contained process, but influence by a wider international context o Governments are uniquely powerful actors as they had formal sovereignty and democratic legitimacy o integration in low politics, not high politics (national security, defense) as states tend to protect their sovereignty (advocated by French in 1950) national government controls the nature and pace of integration in order to protect and promote national interest acknowledges the importance of other ctors than governments: o low politics (e. g. social policy): interest groups did influence, but were no the only ones – also government officials, parties in office rejects the theory of spillover effects: rejects the idea of common security policy, foreign policy or common armed forces power of supranational institutions increased because governments believed it to be their national interest a? integration only as far as the government allows power to the European Council and Council of Europe Intergovernmen talism – Stanley Hoffman - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Liberal intergovernmentalism – Andrew Moravcsik - ­? - ­? ational interests = part of a domestic political process, within which economic interests are dominant two- ­? level game o demand side  §? political elites, lobbyist, interest groups are acting and forming the demand of the state a? domestic events influence the demands of state interests on the international level o supply side  §? interacting of each state with conflicting interests on the level of intergovernmental sessions – Council of Ministers †¢ 1st stage – reach agreement on the common policy †¢ 2nd stage – reach agreement on institutional arrangements supranational institutions reduce transactional costs – more fficient to co- ­? exist a? institutions = tools, the main emphasis is on member states that can reduce the power of its supranational bodies Theory applied on negotiation of the Treaties of Rome (1955 – 58), Consolidation of the common market and CAP (1958 – 83), negotiation of SEA (1984 – 88), negotiation of the Treaty on EU (1988 – 91) a? conclusions: 1. Decisions = reflection of the preferences of national governments, not preferences of supranational organizations 2. National preferences = reflection of the balance of economic interests 3. delegating the power to the supranational authority means to ensure the ommitments of all parties, not a belief in the inherent efficiency of international organizations - ­? - ­? Extra Supranational governance – Stone Sweet, Sandholtz - ­? - ­? EU not one international regimes, but a series of regimes Increased transactions across national borders would create supranational society that favored the creation of supranational rules (more simple for operation) Multi- ­? level governance – Gary Marks - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? rather an approach – EU as a political system with interconnected institutions existing at multiple levels with unique features national government = important decisional role, upranational institutions = autonomic role multilevel actions by multilevel actors (lobbies, companies, parties, states, interest groups) at international, state and regional level a? no superior actor, they are equal many informal relations existing (European norms), that are respected by different actors theory does not address the issue of transferring sovereignty and loyalty Constructivism - ­? - ­? rather an approach advocate of Europeanization, establishing common norms, habits, culture to bring people together – new social community (ministries with European department to synchronize the policies with the ones of he EU) – recognizes multi- ­? level governance popular in EU 15 - ­? 2) Formation of 3 Communities in the context of economic and political developments in post- ­? WWII Europe ECSC  œ 1952 – Treaty of Paris EEC, EURATOM – 1957 – Treaty of Rome Motives for the formation of the Communities - ­? - ­? - ­? - ­? Reaction to the World Wars: horrifying example (lost lives) a? seeking a peaceful and stable European environment, political and economic cooperation instead of competition Soviet threat: cooperation blocks further Soviet expansion a? Cold war = catalyst for integration of western Europe Political willingness: political ooperation and development replacing economic competition, viewed as a factor in the outbreak of wars o countries seeking cooperation for different reasons  §? Germany, Italy – seeking respectability  §? France – seeking security from Germany Economic development: destroyed Europe needed reconstruction o Marshall plan (US interested in Europe) – financing the reconstruction of Europe, establishing what is now known as OECD o Bretton Woods Conference  §? 1944, 44 nations to talk about pos t- ­? war economic order  §? GATT  §? IMF (to regulate the international monetary and financial order a? stable exchange rate) Schuman:French Foreign Minister; plan in collaboration with Jean Monnet Key points o relations between France and Germany needs to be renewed o linking French and German coal and steel industry by placing under control of a supranational body a? making war unthinkable and materially impossible (coal and steel = needed to produce armaments, thus capability of waging war) UK no involved in negotiations 1950 Schuman plan - ­? - ­? - ­? ECSC – Treaty of Paris (1951/1952) - ­? - ­? - ­? reduce tariffs by imposing levies on coal and steel production failed to create a single market for coal and steel a? further step needed joined by

The Influence of Globalization on Movies

The Influence of Globalization on movies Nowadays, movies, which are the most important entertainment of people, has spent much more money and time than before by a growing number of people. Different kinds of new movies play nearly everyday; and the way to watch a movie isn’t confined to the cinema. Along with the improvement of digital postproduction and digital effect is applied to the movies, they make people to be personally on the scene when you watch a movie. In the past twenty years, the changes of the ways to watch a movie and the movie technology have already influenced entertainment for people deeply. As we know, globalization on movies and films’ changes in the past twenty years had an effect on people’s daily life, so it was the reason for choosing this topic. We worked out six questionnaires about the project after deciding on the topic. We had 3 yes/no questions, for instance, do you like watching movies, how many movies do you watch per month and traditional movies are more valuable than commercial movies. In addition, we had a multiple choice in our survey, it is â€Å"Which kind of films do you like†. Besides these, two open questions were chosen, one is â€Å"What aspects of movie do you think have changed? †, another is â€Å"Which ways do you often watch movies? †. Our group planned to ask 12 people to answer the questions when we were finishing the questionnaires, so each group’s member needed to ask 3 people about the questions. Only my roommates were asked, and all questions were answered by a pencil. These men who were asked to answer the questions because of convenience; I could take up too much of their time to explain the project, the topic and the detail of the questions, too. The result was collected together when we finished asking the questions. The outcome of our survey is that all the interviewees like to watch movies. However, half of them watch movies less than 5 per month, nearly half of the interviewees watch 6 to 10 movies per month . Only one interviewee watches movies more than 20 per month. Disaster film and comedy film are the most popular movies among the interviewees, many people watch science fiction film and cartoon film as well. Fewer interviewees like watching crime film. A majority of people consider that movies’ theme need to change most because they want to watch a variety of movies. Meanwhile, the way to watch a movie is infinite variety, such as internet, at home by a DVD, cinema and web TV phone. Most interviewees also believe that traditional movies are more valuable than commercial movies. It can be seen from the survey’s figures that the ways to watch a movie and the movie technology have changed most in the past twenty years. Over the past days, only cinema was supplied for people who wanted to watch a movie. But now, more and more people watch movies at home through Family Cinema and computer because they make people comfortably. People can sit on the sofa even or lie in bed to watch a movie, and they are able to have some food and drink at the same time. However, in my opinion, movies’ changes which affect entertainment of people most is movie technology, particularly is computer digital special effects’ appearance. Digital special effect is not only a supplement for film editing, it have already penetrated into every aspect of movies, such as screenplay, scene, stage-ties and postproduction. The directors’ imagination is also at liberty to gallop on through the digital special effect. It makes people to be personally on the scene and shock each audience’s ghost. There is no doubt that people’s daily life is closed related to movies, and they play a very significant role in people’s entertainment life. Movies’ changes have never terminated in the past twenty years, and film industry has undergone enormous changes.

Health Promotion Model A Meta Synthesis - 1303 Words

Critical Analysis of a Published Research Article Ho, A.Y.K., Berggren, I., Dahlborg-Lyckhage, E. (2010). Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis. Nursing and Health Sciences (2010), 12, 259–267 Title Evaluation The title of this article â€Å"Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis† has been to-the-point and has been definite. The title has hinted at the way the research would be conducted without elaborating about the results. The authors of this article have done well to avoid the use of specialized language and use of abbreviations that could have made the article difficult to understand. The title of the research does not present†¦show more content†¦The abstract contains the title of measures as these have been the focus of the study. The abstract of this article has presented a highlight of the results, findings and implications of the research. The assertions about the future measures that have been mentioned in the abstract have been consistent and perfectly fall in line with the tone of the research. As such, it can be safely and soundly stated that the abstract has been effective and very much appropriate. Introduction and Literature Review The authors of this article have introduced the article by presenting the seriousness of diabetes and providing the rationale for the development of effective intervention and support strategies to tackle this serious health issue. The authors of this article have, very methodically and categorically, provided the overview of what the literature and the research is about, self-management. Flowing from the set tone, the authors have mentioned the appropriateness and vitality of the self-management approach towards diabetes and broader health management of the clients. As a coherent essay, the introduction and literature flow from one topic to the next, establishing healthy links between each one of them before delving into the details. The key aspects and concepts such as the Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) have been introduced and discussed. The factual statements

The Incredible Details Regarding Essay Topics for Ielts Exam That Most People Do Not Know About

The Incredible Details Regarding Essay Topics for Ielts Exam That Most People Do Not Know About Essay Topics for Ielts Exam - What Is It? It's possible to locate a considerable great deal of sites which can help you with opening paragraphs. You're able to add paragraphs only and just if needed. Ordinarily, 1 paragraph isn't sufficient. Break down your ideas into various paragraphs. Use the assistance of true academic pros and have the assistance you've gained! You might also have to examine several aspects of an issue and then outline your ideas for solving it. Hence, it's highly recommended that the candidate ought to be conscious of the selection procedure and minimum IELTS result requirement for the respective organisations where they would like to apply. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. Essay topic 6 Some folks feel that it is advisable to study abroad. Part 2 Candidates will be provided a card whi ch asks the examinee to speak about a specific topic. Students are occasionally made to complete assignments which don't actually help them enhance themselves. If you're not acquainted with a topic, utilize the world wide web to learn more. You will obviously not have the capability to predict the specific topic that will come up. Each topic is broken into subtopics that you should prepare. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. In many nations, schools have severe difficulties with student behaviour. Addressing the ideal audience is indispensable. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. All the students must do a few projects or homeworks that are related with their field during the university education. Top Essay Topics for Ielts Exam Secrets For that precise first part, you're likely to consistently be requested to compose a post, since it's the sole alternative offered. Do that just once you exactly picture what's going to be the consequences of a person's own story. If you really need to get advanced, you can also try out making up your own questions dependent on the news of the day and after that provide these questions to a study partner. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying updated with what's going on in the world will truly help you think of ideas. The IELTS examination was created to test your capacity to communicate in English, so finally you cannot score nicely with no massive quantity of English. Learning these words before the exam for the most frequent essay topics ought to help you get a greater vocabulary score. In summary, university students will need to know English to access info. If you're going to succeed in the IELTS test you must be using and exposing yourself to English everyday. In all regions of the IELTS exam, you should make an effort to demonstrate that you've got a wide understanding of English vocabulary, make certain you write with correct spelling and prevent silly little grammar mistakes. For several years, English has become the common wold-wide language, and it'll be later on. English is the most frequently used language around the world. It was made to show how you are going to utilize English at study, on the job, and at play in your new life abroad. The Meaning of Essay Topics for Ielts Exam For that reason, it's more efficient for folks to use metro than busses or cars that are subjected to traffic jam. Many nations spend lots of money on art. The money given to aid poor countries does not fix the issue of poverty, so rich countries should provide different kinds of help instead. In the majority of developed countries shopping is not simply about purchasing the goods you require, it's also perceived as entertainment. For instance, y ou may have to think about an opinion or weigh the advantages and disadvantages of an argument before presenting your own view on the situation. For instance, the web, which, in my opinion, is the greatest source on the planet, dependent on English knowledge and data. Explore the benefits of both methods and provide your own opinion. Discuss either side of the argument and provide your own opinion. All About Essay Topics for Ielts Exam These IELTS sample essays are categorised in a manner that makes it simple for you to observe how certain essay question types require that you offer certain responses to be sure the question is totally answered. The examiners do not expect you to be a specialist on the essay topic, they simply would like you to show that you could write clearly and persuasively in English. Other folks claim that it's much better to start work after school and earn experience in the realm of work. Some people think that money is easily the most important elem ent for achieving happiness. A lot of people say that the only method to guarantee an excellent job is to finish a plan of university education. Usually you should take the IELTS test if you're applying for employment or to study in a college or university in an English-speaking country or if you're migrating to such nation.

Guide to Writing Research Proposal and Thesis - 5636 Words

GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND THESIS STRUCTURE I Doctor of Philosophy (BA) Master of Science (BA) CENTRE FOR GRADUATE STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2009 INTRODUCTION All students pursuing a postgraduate programme under Structure I shall submit a thesis for examination as a requirement for the award of the degree. This would entail the preparation of a research proposal which is later developed into a thesis. This document provides guidelines for writing the research proposal and the thesis. WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Research proposal is a document written to inform others including your supervisor or graduate committee and your examiners of a proposed piece of research you intent to do. You should be aware that a research†¦show more content†¦* Discuss the issue that you intend to study in terms of problem statement and show that there is an issue that needs to be addressed or a â€Å"gap† in the body of knowledge that you want to fill. When you are able to identify the issue or gap, than the research questions will fall in place naturally. Think of the Introduction as follows: Imagine a group of academics discussing in general the area of study you are interested in. You join in the conversation (assuming they allow you to!) and draw their attention to your specific problem of interest. You tell them that there is something that has not been resolved or there is a gap or problem. You argue that this gap or problem has to be addressed and go on to describe it in detail. Then you tell your listeners the objectives of your study and how it will attempt to answer the research questions. Title Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background to the Study 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.4 Research Questions and Hypotheses (if any) 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Scope of the Study 1.7 Definitions of Terms Chapter 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Previous Studies 2.2 Methodological Issues 2.3 Conceptual Framework Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Theoretical Framework 3.2 Research Design 3.3 Framework for DataShow MoreRelatedUnit 4 exercise 1 guided reading1574 Words   |  7 Pagesaction. 2. When someone wants to solve a problem or present new ideas they will be asked to write a proposal. A solicited proposal responds to the requests for proposals. Then there’s a grant proposal that are used by non-profit organizations and researchers to obtain funding for their projects. A person writing for a company or organization for new ideas use internal proposals. An external proposals are written for clients that are selling a company’s services. 3. Defining the problem. 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Scientific Literacy Health and Social Care

Question: Discuss about theScientific Literacyfor Health and Social Care. Answer: Introduction The rise and prevalence of obesity has become a major burden for public health and social care. The prevalence of obesity has increased in Australia from 56.3% in 1995 to a staggering 63% in 2014-2015 (Huffington Post Australia 2017). This depicts the alarming rate in which the Australian population is getting obese. The rise in obesity has escalated major health issues. This is because obesity is the risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers and certain muscoskeletal conditions. Hence, obesity indirectly puts a strain on the health system of Australia. The report discusses in detail the adverse impact of obesity on people and the need to appropriate legislation required to overcome the problem. Impact of Obesity on Health Obese people has been found to be at increased risk of serious chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart, stroke and other diseases compared to people with normal weight. High blood pressure is associated with increased workload of the heart and increase in heart rate. On the other hand, obesity is the major cause of diabetes as it cause resistance to insulin, the hormone involved in regulating blood sugar. Heart diseases like artherosclerosis is also found more in obese people compared to non-obese people (Hinnouho et al., 2015). Therefore, chest pain, stroke and heart attack is common in obese people. Overweight also causes joint problems due to extra pressure on the knee and hip joints (Musumeci 2015). Hence, obesity is the reason for high mortality rate worldwide as well as in Australia. Apart from health related impact, obesity significantly affects the quality of life and psychosocial well being of people. In some culture, being slim and physically fit has been regarded as a sign of physical attractiveness and this creates disadvantage for obese people. Therefore, people with obesity are often found to experience and discrimination in society. These experiences demoralizes them and lowers their self-esteem. Emotional distress is common among them and many obese patients requites psychiatric pharmacotherapy to manage their mental and emotional stress (Taylor et al. 2013). Another study also suggests that obese youth are at increased risk of peer victimization which exposed them to psychosocial problems and physical activity avoidance (DeSmet et al. 2014). Hence, experiences of victimization act as a barrier to healthy lifestyles among obese young adults. Legislation Required to Overcome the Issue Behavioral, environmental, genetic and social factors are the cause for obesity. Behaviors such as overeating and lack of physical activity have been highly regarded as a factor contributing to obesity. Health care providers are mostly involved in modifying behavior of patients through education, diet planning and motivational interview strategies (Resnicow et al. 2015). However, there is a need for policy level action to reduce obesity particularly in the youth population. This may involve legislation related to complex issues surrounding diet and health of population. As youth population mostly consume high fat and sugar rich foods, key legislation will be required to curb unhealthy eating habits. Legal development to prevent obesity includes working in the area of reducing the consumption of calorie rich and low nutritional value foods. To reverse the obesity epidemic in Australia and its adverse health related consequences, legislations and government regulations at both local and national level is needed to improve nutritional choices of the population enhance access to healthy foods and increase public awareness about healthy lifestyles. Educational programmers' can also be arranges in schools to evaluate BMI of youths and provide children health counseling (Dietz et al. 2009). Physical inactivity is another area where policy development is immediately needed. Health promotion activities can be done to enhance physical activity in people. The main goal in developing legal policies related to physical activity promotion might include bringing changes in the area of public health, transport, environment and education. For example, transport related policies may focus on promoting cycling and walking opportunities for citizens. People often restrict physical activity due to their physical environment and environment related policies like development of urban planning strategies may encourage physical activity. Another important policy area is that youth and children are highly engaged in video games and mobile games as part of their leisure activities. Hence, sports policy can encourage youths to take sports as a form leisure activity to maximize physical activity (Lachat et al., 2013). The figure provided in appendix reflects the main action as summarized in this section. Conclusion The report on impact of obesity and legal requirement to address the issue summarized the health related consequence of obesity and its impact on quality of life. Apart from adverse health implications, it also revealed poor psychosocial well-being in obese groups due to experience of victimization and bullying. This also created risk for mental illness among them due to continued period of emotional distress. Considering rise in physical activity, overeating and unhealthy lifestyle as a cause of obesity, the report proposes that the main legal development is required in these areas to prevent obesity and reduce the mortality associated with it. Reference DeSmet, A., Deforche, B., Hublet, A., Tanghe, A., Stremersch, E. and De Bourdeaudhuij, I., 2014. Traditional and cyberbullying victimization as correlates of psychosocial distress and barriers to a healthy lifestyle among severely obese adolescentsa matched casecontrol study on prevalence and results from a cross-sectional study.BMC public health,14(1), p.224. Dietz, W.H., Benken, D.E. and Hunter, A.S., 2009. Public health law and the prevention and control of obesity.Milbank Quarterly,87(1), pp.215-227. Hinnouho, G.M., Czernichow, S., Dugravot, A., Nabi, H., Brunner, E.J., Kivimaki, M. and Singh-Manoux, A., 2015. Metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the Whitehall II cohort study.European heart journal,36(9), pp.551-559 Huffington Post Australia. 2017.Shocking Statistics That Illustrate Australia's Obesity Problem. [online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/02/24/australia-obesity-statistics_n_9154422.html [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017]. Lachat, C., Otchere, S., Roberfroid, D., Abdulai, A., Seret, F.M.A., Milesevic, J., Xuereb, G., Candeias, V. and Kolsteren, P., 2013. Diet and physical activity for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic policy review.PLoS Med,10(6), p.e1001465. Musumeci, G., Aiello, F.C., Szychlinska, M.A., Di Rosa, M., Castrogiovanni, P. and Mobasheri, A., 2015. Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression.International journal of molecular sciences,16(3), pp.6093-6112. Resnicow, K., McMaster, F., Bocian, A., Harris, D., Zhou, Y., Snetselaar, L., Schwartz, R., Myers, E., Gotlieb, J., Foster, J. and Hollinger, D., 2015. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT.Pediatrics,135(4), pp.649-657. Taylor, V.H., Forhan, M., Vigod, S.N., McIntyre, R.S. and Morrison, K.M., 2013. The impact of obesity on quality of life.Best Practice Research Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,27(2), pp.139-146 The New Daily. 2017.Australia's fattest suburbs I The New Daily. [online] Available at: https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2015/05/04/australias-fattest-fittest-suburbs/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017].

The Crucible was set in the 1500`s in a town called Salem Essay Example For Students

The Crucible was set in the 1500`s in a town called Salem Essay The crucible was set in the 1500`s in a town called Salem where all the towns people go to church and live by the 10 commandments, also they are not aloud too have much fun. An audience today would probably be shocked by some of the dramatic moments that happened in the Salem witch trials. There are many dramatic moments in the crucible, such as when Elizabeth Proctor is called a witch by Abigail because she had an affair with her and breaks one of the 10 commandments. The opening moment is dramatic because the audience dont know what is going on or if Betty is alive or dead. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible was set in the 1500`s in a town called Salem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Also I think that the audience Thinks that Abigail is sweet and is sorry for what she has done and now understands what she has done and is really worried about Betty. For example: I would never hurt betty I love her dearly. Parris also makes this moment dramatic because he dos not want too lose his job as vicar in Salem. Proof of this is when he says too Abigail: surely my enemies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ will ruin me with it. Parris is feeling angry because he might lose his job so he shouts at Tituba. At this stage in the play the audience might think that he is really worried about Betty. He says: dear child. Will you wake, will you open up your eyes. The second dramatic moment is where Abigail and proctor met up. Proctor and Abigail had an affair and Abi wants him to tell her that he loves her: give me your word john. But proctor says no he dose not want to play around with her any more. He says: Ill cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. This shows that Proctor seriously wants to stop their relationship because he wants to be loyal to his wife Elizabeth. However, Abi is desperate for John to come back to her and leave his wife: she is a cold snivelling woman, and you bend to her! this means that john will do anything for his wife. The audience dont know who to be most sorry for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they might feel sorry for Proctor because Abi is insulting his wife. On the other hand the audience might sympathise with Abi because she is crying when she is begging proctor to love her, and also as proctor is shaking her violently. The result of Proctors decision is that Abi accuses him and his wife of being witches. The third dramatic moment is where Proctor accuses Abi of being a whore. He does this to make the judges doubt Abis word: how do u call heaven! Whore! Whore! this shows that proctor is really angry with Abi, and he also grabs her by the hair. The audience feels most sympathetic to Proctor here because he is losing his reputation by admitting to adultery: A man will not cast away his good name. He would not throw away his name for no reason. If Abi is found guilty then they will all go free, because Abi was the one making the claims that they are witches. Danforth tries to test Elizabeth by asking her in private if she knew that her husband was sleeping with Abi. When Elizabeth questioned says: in agony my husband is a goodly man sir. She doesnt really know what to say, but she wants to defend her husband. She tries to avoid the question by saying that he is a good man. The audience might realise that whatever she says it will end up dreadfully, if she says yes then proctor might go to prison and the family will get a bad name and get bullied. If she says no then Proctors friends will be hung for being witches. Proctor is put under a lot of pressure in the crucible when he is called up to court and accuses Abi of being a whore, he does this to try to stop the judge from taking her word about Proctors friends from being hung. .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .postImageUrl , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:hover , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:visited , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:active { border:0!important; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:active , .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4 .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5cee4edd603b4053d8f42a1ee068ed4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm Compare And Contrast EssayAlso Elizabeth is put under pressure when the judge asks her privately if her husband Proctor has had an affair, and she does not know what proctor wants her to say. I think this is related to the title of the play the crucible. I think this because the word crucible has two main meanings the first is a vessel for melting a substance at very high temperatures. I think the story relates to this because Proctor is put under extreme pressure. The second meaning for the word is a severe test; I think it is a test for Proctor and Elizabeths relationship because of all the trials but they seem to come out of it better than they started. It is tragic that Proctor gets hung at the end of the play; this happens because he refuses to give up his name by signing a document which will be hung on the church and everyone will know that he confessed that he is a witch. Proctor says: because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! In conclusion proctor is a good man and he regretted having an affair with Abi.